Marriage and Divorce:
- a. Hindu Marriage Act, 1955: Governs marriage and divorce among Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, and Jains. It defines the conditions for a valid marriage, grounds for divorce, and provides for maintenance, custody, and property rights.
- b. Special Marriage Act, 1954: Covers interfaith and inter-caste marriages, allowing individuals from different religions or castes to marry and register their marriage.
- c. Muslim Personal Law: Governed by Islamic principles and encompasses marriage, divorce, maintenance, and inheritance issues for Muslims.
Maintenance and Alimony:
- a. Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure: Provides for maintenance of wives, children, and parents. It enables individuals, including wives, to seek financial support from their husbands or children from their parents.
- b. Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956: Addresses maintenance obligations of parents and children within the Hindu community.
Child Custody and Guardianship:
- a. Guardians and Wards Act, 1890: Governs the appointment and rights of guardians for the care, custody, and maintenance of minors. It outlines the criteria for determining the best interests of the child.
- b. Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956: Deals with guardianship, custody, and maintenance of Hindu minors.
Domestic Violence:
a. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005: Provides protection to women from physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and economic abuse within the home. It offers remedies such as protection orders, residence orders, and monetary relief.
Adoption:
a. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: Regulates adoption procedures, eligibility criteria, and the rights of adopted children.
b. Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956: Governs adoption within the Hindu community, specifying the legal requirements and procedures.
Inheritance and Succession:
a. Hindu Succession Act, 1956: Determines the rules of succession and inheritance for Hindus, including rules for intestate succession, testamentary succession, and the rights of women in ancestral property.
b. Muslim Personal Law: Dictates the rules of succession for Muslims, including the distribution of property among heirs based on Islamic principles.
Special Marriage and Interfaith Relationships:
a. Special Marriage Act, 1954: Regulates marriages between individuals of different religions or castes. It provides for marriage registration, solemnization, and divorce procedures.
b. Personal laws of respective religions: Govern interfaith marriages and associated legal implications, including conversion, succession, and child custody.
Mediation and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR):
a. Family Courts Act, 1984: Established family courts for the speedy resolution of family disputes and promotion of reconciliation. It encourages the use of mediation and ADR methods to resolve conflicts amicably.
It is important to note that family law practices in India can vary based on religious, cultural, and personal laws applicable to different communities. Additionally, recent judgments by the Indian judiciary and ongoing legal reforms continue to shape family law practices in the country. It is advisable to consult with a qualified family law practitioner or seek legal advice for specific cases or situations.
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